Déficit de hormona de crecimiento: influencia de la pubertad en la respuesta al tratamiento / Growth hormone deficit: Influence of puberty on the response to treatment

Introducción: La talla baja es motivo de consulta frecuente en Endocrinología Pediátrica, precisando en ocasiones tratamiento con hormona del crecimiento (GH). El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la respuesta al tratamiento en función de su inicio en la etapa puberal o prepuberal y analizar el posible beneficio de un comienzo precoz. Pacientes y métodos: Estudio longitudinal, retrospectivo y observacional en 139 pacientes tratados por déficit de GH idiopático (grave o parcial) hasta talla adulta. Principales variables estudiadas: a) antecedentes familiares: talla materna, paterna y genética; b) antecedentes perinatales; c) antropometría durante el seguimiento y al inicio puberal: peso, talla, índice de masa corporal, y d) variables durante el seguimiento y al inicio puberal: velocidad de crecimiento, edad ósea y pronóstico de crecimiento. Variables de respuesta final: talla adulta, talla adulta respecto a talla genética, talla adulta respecto al pronóstico de crecimiento inicial, talla adulta respecto a talla al inicio del tratamiento y talla adulta respecto a talla al inicio puberal. Resultados: La ganancia puberal total fue de 0,84±0,6 DE. Un 61,9% de los pacientes iniciaron tratamiento con GH en prepubertad. El inicio del tratamiento en la etapa prepuberal y una mayor ganancia puberal total se relacionaron con una mejor talla final (p=0,001, y r=0,507, p=0,00 respectivamente). Además, una mayor duración del tratamiento en la prepubertad se correlacionó con una mejor respuesta final (r=0,328, p=0,00). Conclusiones: El inicio del tratamiento en la prepubertad y una mayor duración durante este periodo son factores determinantes para alcanzar una mejor respuesta a largo plazo. La ganancia puberal total fue mayor en los pacientes que iniciaron el tratamiento en etapa puberal. (AU)

Introduction: Short stature is the most frequent reason for consultation in Pediatric Endocrinology consultations and sometimes requires treatment with growth hormone. The aim of the study was to analyze the response to treatment based on its onset in pubertal or prepubertal stages and to analyze the possible benefit of an early onset. Patients and methods: Longitudinal, retrospective and observational study in 139 patients treated for idiopathic growth hormone deficiency up to adult height. Main variables studied: (a) genetic background: maternal, paternal and genetic height; (b) perinatal history; (c) anthropometry during follow-up and at pubertal onset: weight, height, body mass index; (d) variables during follow-up and at pubertal onset: growth rate, bone age and growth prognosis. Final response variables: adult height, adult height with respect to target height, adult height with respect to initial growth prediction, adult height with respect to initial height at the start of treatment and adult height with respect to height at pubertal onset. Results: Total pubertal gain was 0.84±0.6 SD. 61.9% of the patients started treatment with rhGH in prepuberty. The initiation of treatment in the prepubertal stage and a higher total pubertal gain are correlated with a better final height (P=.001 and r=0.507, P=.00, respectively). Furthermore, a longer duration of treatment in pre-puberty is correlated with a better final response (r=0.328, P=.00). Conclusions: The start of treatment in the prepubertal stage and its longer duration during this period are determining factors to achieve a good long-term response. Total pubertal gain was greater in patients who started treatment in the pubertal stage. (AU)

[Growth hormone deficit: Influence of puberty on the response to treatment]. / Déficit de hormona de crecimiento: influencia de la pubertad en la respuesta al tratamiento.

INTRODUCTION: Short stature is the most frequent reason for consultation in Pediatric Endocrinology consultations and sometimes requires treatment with growth hormone. The aim of the study was to analyze the response to treatment based on its onset in pubertal or prepubertal stages and to analyze the possible benefit of an early onset. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Longitudinal, retrospective and observational study in 139 patients treated for idiopathic growth hormone deficiency up to adult height. MAIN VARIABLES STUDIED: (a) genetic background: maternal, paternal and genetic height; (b) perinatal history; (c) anthropometry during follow-up and at pubertal onset: weight, height, body mass index; (d) variables during follow-up and at pubertal onset: growth rate, bone age and growth prognosis. Final response variables: adult height, adult height with respect to target height, adult height with respect to initial growth prediction, adult height with respect to initial height at the start of treatment and adult height with respect to height at pubertal onset. RESULTS: Total pubertal gain was 0.84±0.6 SD. 61.9% of the patients started treatment with rhGH in prepuberty. The initiation of treatment in the prepubertal stage and a higher total pubertal gain are correlated with a better final height (P=.001 and r=0.507, P=.00, respectively). Furthermore, a longer duration of treatment in pre-puberty is correlated with a better final response (r=0.328, P=.00). CONCLUSIONS: The start of treatment in the prepubertal stage and its longer duration during this period are determining factors to achieve a good long-term response. Total pubertal gain was greater in patients who started treatment in the pubertal stage.

Recomendaciones para el uso de la hormona de crecimiento humana recombinante en pacientes pediátricos de talla baja en Colombia / Recommendations for treatment with recombinant human growth hormone in pediatric patients in Colombia

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Abstract In Colombia there are no guidelines for diagnosis and management of patients with short stature and for the use of recombinant human growth hormone, mainly caused by the diversity of training centers in pediatric endocrinology. In response to this situation, the Asociación Colegio Colombiana de Endocrinología Pediátrica leds the first colombian short stature expert committee in order to standardize the use of human recombinant growth hormone. This work had the participation and endorsement of a consortium of clinical experts representing the Sociedad Colombiana de Pediatría, Secretaría Distrital de Salud de Bogotá- Subred Integrada de Servicios de Salud Suroccidente, Fundación Universitaria Sanitas, Universidad de los Andes and some public and private health institutions in the country, in addition to the participation of methodological experts from the Instituto Global de Excelencia Clínica Keralty. By reviewing the literature and with the best available evidence, we proposed to unify definitions, a diagnostic algorithm, biochemical and dynamic tests with their reference parameters, a description of the considerations about growth hormone use among the indications approved by regulatory agency for medications and food in Colombia and finally a proposal for an informed consent and a medication fact sheet available for parents and patients.

[Study on growth hormone treatment in small for gestational age children]. / Estudio valenciano sobre tratamiento con hormona de crecimiento en pequeños para la edad gestacional.

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the effectiveness of growth hormone (GH) therapy in short-stature children born small for gestational age (SGA) without catch-up growth (height at the beginning of treatment<-2.5 SDS), in Valencia (Spain), between 01/01/2003 and 12/31/2013; and to compare our findings with previously published data. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Anthropometric data from the SGA children were obtained from the database of the «Ministry of Health of Valencia¼. These data were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: A total of 115 SGA children, with a mean age of 8.10±2.75 years and height of -3.14±0.59 SDS started treatment (dose: 0.035±0.004mg/kg/day) between January 1st, 2003 and March 31st, 2013. After 2 years of therapy (n=115, age: 10.50±2.72 years) the height SDS was -2.11±0.66; and after 4 years (n = 96, age: 12.65±2.46 years) of -1.76±0.75 SDS. This latest improvement in stature matches ages at which the growth spurt usually occurs. Only 35 out of 115 children reached adult height, although impaired (-2.22±0.86 SDS), and failed to achieve their target height (-1.72 ±0.75 SDS). However, this sub-group grew to near the height of the shorter parent (-1.95 ±1.28 SDS), and 42,9% of these 35 cases increased their stature by more than 1 SDS. CONCLUSIONS: The studied sample did not achieve satisfactory growth results, as in other published series. Our findings might be improved by starting treatment earlier, and with doses individualised according to patient characteristics.

Talla baja: Tratamiento con hormona de crecimiento humana recombinante / Short stature: Treatment with recombinant human growth hormone

La talla baja es causa de preocupación en los niños y sus padres. Asimismo, puede representar el primer signo de una enfermedad subyacente. Es importante realizar una evaluación detallada del niño con talla baja para identificar su etiología. El tratamiento de la talla baja se direcciona a la causa primaria. La terapia con hormona de crecimiento humana recombinante (rhGH) está indicada solo en determinados pacientes. Se han aprobado ocho indicaciones de rhGH en niños con talla baja: Deficiencia de hormona de crecimiento, insuficiencia renal crónica, síndrome de Turner, síndrome de Prader Willi, antecedente de recién nacido pequeño para su edad gestacional sin crecimiento compensatorio, talla baja idiopática, alteración del gen SHOX y síndrome de Noonan. La identificación precoz y tratamiento adecuado de la talla baja se asocian a mejores resultados en los pacientes.

Short stature may cause concern for children and their parents; on the other hand, represent the first sign of an underlying disease. It is important to make a detailed assessment of children with short stature to identify its etiology. Treatment of short stature is aimed at the primary etiology; therapy with recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) is indicated in certain patients. Eight indications of rhGH in children with short stature have been approved: Growth hormone deficiency, chronic kidney disease, Turner syndrome, Prader Willi syndrome, small for gestational age with failure to catch up to the normal height percentiles, idiopathic short stature, SHOX gene haploinsufficiency and Noonan syndrome. Early identification and appropriate treatment of short stature is associated with better outcomes for patients.

Acromegalia. Presentación de un caso / Acromegaly. A case report

La acromegalia es una enfermedad crónica que causa deformación somática, limitaciones físicas y psicológicas en los pacientes; puede tener un curso insidioso, provocar la muerte del enfermo debido a la hipersecreción crónica y sostenida de la hormona del crecimiento. El diagnóstico de la acromegalia se basa en criterios clínicos, estudios imagenológicos y la confirmación bioquímica del hipersomatotropismo; su tratamiento comprende tres aspectos: tratamiento neuroquirúrgico, medicamentoso y radioterapia. Es importante realizar un diagnóstico y tratamiento precoz, pues los pacientes acromegálicos tienen limitada su expectativa de vida y presentan cifras de mortalidad elevada entre el 2 y 4 veces por encima de la población general. Se trata de una paciente femenina de 46 años de edad, con alteraciones fundamentalmente del campo visual, que se confirmó el diagnóstico de acromegalia y remitió al Instituto Nacional de Cirugía de Mínimo Acceso para su intervención quirúrgica por vía endoscópica. Recibió el tratamiento con octeótride y cirugía; según los resultados bioquímicos y de la resonancia magnética nuclear realizada posterior a la cirugía es tributaria de tratamiento con radioterapia.

Acromegaly is a chronic disease that provokes somatic deformities, physical and psychological limitations in patients suffering from this condition; which can have an insidious development that can lead to death due to a chronic and continue hypersecretion of growth hormone (GH). The diagnosis of Acromegaly is based on clinical criteria, imaging studies and biochemical confirmation of hyper-somatotropism; the treatment includes three main aspects: neurosurgery, medication and radiation. Early diagnosis and treatment is very important since acromegalic patients have limited life expectancy and high mortality rates of 2 or 4 times greater than the general population. A case of a 46-year old female patient suffering from significant alterations of visual field was examined, the diagnosis of Acromegaly was confirmed and she was referred to the National Institute of Minimal Access Surgery to perform a surgical exploration. The patient underwent a treatment with octreotide and surgery; in view of the results of biochemical and nuclear magnetic resonance carried out after the surgery the patient needed radiation.

Acromegalia: presentación de un caso / Acromegaly: a case presentation

La acromegalia es una enfermedad producida por la hipersecreción crónica e inapropiada de hormona del crecimiento que se inicia después del cierre de los cartílagos de conjunción, el aumento de secreción acontece mientras estos permanecen abiertos, se origina el gigantismo. En general la acromegalia se desarrolla muy lentamente donde existen cambios morfológicos típicos de la función ostearticular, neurológica y cardiovascular que conduce a una disminución de la esperanza de vida, el gigantismo es mucho más raro que la acromegalia, otros casos de hipersecreción extrahipofisaria de hormona del crecimiento son los tumores de los islotes pancreáticos. Caso clínico: paciente masculino de 70 años de edad, de piel mestiza, presentó una acromegalia fue atendido en la sala de Medicina del Hospital Amalia Simoni, con cuadro clínico caracterizado fundamentalmente por aumento de volumen de los dedos de la mano, hueso frontal, labios y nariz. Después de ser valorado por varias especialidades se decidió su traslado a la provincia de la Habana para realizar dosificación de hormona de crecimiento y su tratamiento definitivo (AU)

Acromegaly is a disease caused by a chronic and inappropriate hypersecretion of growth hormone (GH) started after the closure of connecting cartilages, increased secretion happens while they remain open, originates gigantism. In general, acromegaly develops very slowly, where there are typical morphological changes of the ostearticular, neurological and cardiovascular function that leads to a decrease in life expectancy, gigantism is much rarer than acromegaly, and other cases of extrahypophysial hypersecretion of growth hormone are tumors of pancreatic islets´. Clinical case: 70 year-old male patient, mixed skin, presented an acromegaly and he was attended in the Medicine ward at the University Hospital Amalia Simoni, with a clinical picture fundamentally characterized by increase in volume of fingers, frontal bone, lips and nose. After being assessed by several specialties was decided his transferral to Havana province for growth hormone dosage and his definitive treatment (AU)

Acromegalia: presentación de un caso / Acromegaly: a case presentation

La acromegalia es una enfermedad producida por la hipersecreción crónica e inapropiada de hormona del crecimiento que se inicia después del cierre de los cartílagos de conjunción, el aumento de secreción acontece mientras estos permanecen abiertos, se origina el gigantismo. En general la acromegalia se desarrolla muy lentamente donde existen cambios morfológicos típicos de la función ostearticular, neurológica y cardiovascular que conduce a una disminución de la esperanza de vida, el gigantismo es mucho más raro que la acromegalia, otros casos de hipersecreción extrahipofisaria de hormona del crecimiento son los tumores de los islotes pancreáticos. Caso clínico: paciente masculino de 70 años de edad, de piel mestiza, presentó una acromegalia fue atendido en la sala de Medicina del Hospital Amalia Simoni, con cuadro clínico caracterizado fundamentalmente por aumento de volumen de los dedos de la mano, hueso frontal, labios y nariz. Después de ser valorado por varias especialidades se decidió su traslado a la provincia de la Habana para realizar dosificación de hormona de crecimiento y su tratamiento definitivo.

Acromegaly is a disease caused by a chronic and inappropriate hypersecretion of growth hormone (GH) started after the closure of connecting cartilages, increased secretion happens while they remain open, originates gigantism. In general, acromegaly develops very slowly, where there are typical morphological changes of the ostearticular, neurological and cardiovascular function that leads to a decrease in life expectancy, gigantism is much rarer than acromegaly, and other cases of extrahypophysial hypersecretion of growth hormone are tumors of pancreatic islets´. Clinical case: 70 year-old male patient, mixed skin, presented an acromegaly and he was attended in the Medicine ward at the University Hospital Amalia Simoni, with a clinical picture fundamentally characterized by increase in volume of fingers, frontal bone, lips and nose. After being assessed by several specialties was decided his transferral to Havana province for growth hormone dosage and his definitive treatment.